[Parental intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19]. / COVID-19-Impfintention von Eltern bezogen auf ihre Kinder.

BACKGROUND: With the start of the vaccination campaign, a new phase in the management of the coronavirus pandemic has begun. Approval and recommendation for COVID-19 vaccination of children followed gradually; to date (4 October 2022), vaccination for children under five years of age has not been approved in Germany. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim was to investigate how parents' intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 developed from May 2020 to February 2021 (from the first to the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic) and to analyse the determinants of the intention to vaccinate. METHODS: In May 2020, 612 families participating with their children aged 1.5-6 years in the KUNO Kids Health Study completed an online survey (participation rate 51%), and 507 completed the second survey in February 2021. Determinants of the intention to vaccinate were analysed for both time points using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: While 51% of parents reported wanting their children vaccinated against COVID-19 in May 2020, this proportion decreased to 41% by February 2021. At least at one of the two time points, health literacy and perceived competence regarding protective measures against the virus were significantly positively associated with higher vaccination intentions, while belonging to a risk group and the perception that the political measures were exaggerated were associated with lower vaccination intentions. DISCUSSION: Parents' intention to have their children vaccinated against COVID-19 was low and decreased further from the first to the second wave of the coronavirus pandemic. Attitudinal and competence-related determinants were important at both time points and could be targeted in a future vaccination campaign addressing parents of younger children.

Willingness to pay for and willingness to vaccinate with the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose in China.

Objective: The present study aims to assess the willingness to pay (WTP) for and willingness to vaccinate (WTV) with the Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine booster dose in China when the pandemic is under adequate control and the majority of the population is vaccinated. This study is also to identify significant factors associated with the WTP. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on adults with no past or present COVID-19 infection. An online questionnaire was distributed to collect data on vaccination status, quarantine experience, and factors related to health beliefs on vaccination. The WTV was assessed through the vaccination preference. The WTP was examined by payment scale (PS) and iterative bidding game (IBG) administered in random order. Three IBG algorithms with different starting-price were presented randomly. The average WTP of PS and IBG were analyzed as primary outcomes using univariate and multivariate analyses. Multivariate ordered logistic regression was performed to identify significant factors for the WTP. Results: The survey recruited 543 participants with a mean age of 32 years and 57.80% being female. The WTV rate was 86.74%, while 94.66% of participants completed full-schedule or enhanced vaccination. The mean WTP was CNY 149 (±CNY 197) and the median WTP was CNY 80. Regarding significant factors for the WTP, urban residents were 57% more likely (95% CI: 1.11-2.22) to pay for a high-priced vaccine than rural residents. Respondents who completed full-schedule vaccination were 46% more likely (95% CI: 1.03-2.07) to pay for a high-priced vaccine than those who completed enhanced vaccination. Respondents with a low household income of CNY 40k or lower were 62% less likely (95% CI: 0.21-0.66) to pay for a high-priced vaccine than those with a middle household income of CNY 110k-210k. Other significant factors associated with the WTP included the perceived benefit of vaccination and peer environmental pressure in the health belief model. Conclusion: The WTV with the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose was high in China. The WTP was influenced by the place of residence, vaccination status, household income, perceived benefit of vaccination, and environmental peer pressure. Study findings can inform policymakers to better design vaccination programs and financial schemes involving out-of-pocket payments.

Declared Intention to Vaccinate against COVID-19 and Actual Vaccination-The Role of Trust in Science, Conspiratorial Thinking and Religiosity.

AIMS: The study aims to investigate how trust in science, conspiratorial thinking, and religiosity affected people's declared willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 at the onset of the vaccination program in Poland, their actual vaccination, and the consistency between intention and vaccination. METHODS: In a longitudinal design, a representative sample of 918 members of the Polish general population was polled at the beginning of the vaccination program (February 2021) and polled again after 6 months of mass vaccination (August 2021). We measured the willingness to vaccinate, actual vaccination after 6 months, and individual variables-trust in science, conspiratorial thinking and religiosity. RESULTS: The actual vaccination rate was higher than the declared intent, especially in the initially undecided and unwilling groups. Higher Trust in science and lower Conspiratorial Thinking were associated with declared intent to vaccinate and actual vaccination, while Religiosity was not clearly associated with vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Declared willingness to vaccinate is not an effective indicator of actual vaccination. Trust in science and Conspiratorial thinking are important factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. There may be a possibility to influence those unwilling to vaccinate and that are undecided to eventually get vaccinated.

I have decided about my COVID-19 vaccine, what about my child?

Vaccination has been instrumental in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, with numbers of new cases decreasing rapidly even as restrictions to control the spread of the virus were removed. The first stage of the vaccination campaign in Israel covered individuals aged 16 and older, following the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's approval of the vaccine. While the campaign was later extended to those aged 12 and older, some parents continue to have doubts and concerns about the vaccine. Data were collected via an online questionnaire during April 2021; 516 parents participated. This research adopted a holistic approach that combines factors relating to vaccine acceptance previously reported in the literature. The acceptance of pediatric COVID-19 vaccination among parents varied by their children's age groups, at 44.7%, 53.2%, and 66.4% among parents with children aged 0-6, 6-12, and 12-16, respectively. The results of this study indicate that different sets of variables affect the willingness of parents to vaccinate their children, depending on their child's age. Moreover, a holistic approach is necessary in order to correctly verify the significant variables. Parents who evaluate the vaccine as more beneficial have a higher probability of being willing to vaccinate. In addition, for ages 12-16, parental willingness to vaccinate is associated with access to information, trust, and neighborhood norms. Those evaluating information about the vaccine as more fake news show higher probability to vaccinate their children. The timing of the survey is highly relevant, especially considering the uncertainty about the effectiveness and side effects of the vaccine.

A study on the willingness and influencing factors of novel coronavirus vaccination among medical personnel in North China.

AIM: To understand the awareness of the willingness to be vaccinated and influencing factors of the new coronavirus vaccine (neo-crown vaccine) among medical personnel in North China and to provide a theoretical basis and application guidelines for the feasibility of coronavirus vaccination by medical personnel to guide the public to actively be vaccinated by taking initiative and obtaining a coronavirus vaccination as soon as possible. METHODS: From April 2021 to June 2021, medical staff in North China were selected to complete an online questionnaire survey using Questionnaire Star to analyze the willingness rate to be vaccinated with the new coronavirus vaccine, and the influencing factors were analyzed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Among 621 respondents, 85.7% were willing to be vaccinated after the launch of the new vaccine. In the questionnaire, respondents were asked to answer questions such as "Do you think it is better to receive as few vaccines as possible at the same time?," "If I get the new coronavirus vaccine, I may have serious side effects.," "The new coronavirus vaccine is safe.," "Specifically, for the new coronavirus vaccine, do you think it is safe?," and "Specifically, for the new coronavirus vaccine, do you think it is easy to administer?." These beliefs have an important influence on the vaccination of medical staff with the new coronavirus vaccine in Northern China (OR = 1.610,95% CI: 1.055 ~ 2.456; OR = 1.715,95% CI: 1.164 ~ 2.526; OR = 0.401, 95% CI: 0.212 ~ 0.760; OR = 0.352,95% CI: 0.147 ~ 0.843; OR = 3.688,95% CI: 1.281 ~ 10.502, respectively; All P values < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Medical staff have a high willingness to be vaccinated with the new coronavirus vaccine, which plays a positive role in the publicity of the vaccine.

Parents and caregivers' willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19

Despite the possible benefits of pediatric vaccination against coronavirus disease (COVID-19), getting children and adolescents vaccinated may prove challenging as pediatric vaccination was already a hot topic prepandemic. This study aimed to understand parents and caregivers' willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. A total of 406 parents and caregivers living in the province of New Brunswick, Canada, completed an online survey in March and April 2021. Results indicated that the majority of parents were willing to get their children vaccinated against COVID-19, but a quarter of parents were not considering getting their children vaccinated, were unlikely to do so or remained unsure. Results of a multinomial logistic regression revealed that parents were more willing to vaccinate their children when they showed low levels of vaccine hesitancy, considered they had satisfactory access to relevant information regarding the vaccination of their children, had higher household incomes, and had greater levels of parental agreement on vaccination. Parents were also more willing to get their children vaccinated when they believed that a higher percentage of children would eventually get the COVID-19 vaccine. Implications for education campaigns aiming at improving COVID-19 vaccination of children and adolescents are further discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (French) Malgre les avantages possibles de la vaccination pediatrique contre le coronavirus (COVID-19), il peut s'averer difficile de faire vacciner les enfants et les adolescents, car la vaccination pediatrique etait deja un sujet brulant avant la pandemie. Cette etude visait a comprendre la volonte des parents et des soignants de vacciner leurs enfants contre la COVID-19. Un total de 406 parents et soignants vivant dans la province du Nouveau-Brunswick, au Canada, ont repondu a une enquete en ligne en mars et avril 2021. Les resultats ont indique que la majorite des parents etaient disposes a faire vacciner leurs enfants contre la COVID-19, mais qu'un quart des parents n'envisageaient pas de faire vacciner leurs enfants, etaient peu susceptibles de le faire ou restaient incertains. Les resultats d'une regression logistique multinomiale ont revele que les parents etaient plus disposes a faire vacciner leurs enfants lorsqu'ils presentaient de faibles niveaux d'hesitation a l'egard de la vaccination, qu'ils consideraient avoir un acces satisfaisant aux informations pertinentes concernant la vaccination de leurs enfants, que les revenus du menage etaient plus eleves et que les niveaux d'accord parental sur la vaccination etaient plus importants. Les parents etaient egalement plus disposes a faire vacciner leurs enfants lorsqu'ils pensaient qu'un pourcentage plus eleve d'enfants allait recevoir le vaccin contre la COVID-19. Les implications pour les campagnes d'education visant a ameliorer la vaccination contre la COVID-19 chez les enfants et les adolescents sont egalement discutees. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Vaccinating children and adolescents against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) will likely be an important step in overcoming the current pandemic. This study aimed to identify factors related to parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in New Brunswick, Canada, in the hope that such knowledge may help education campaigns address parents' concerns and health care workers adapt their intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

A pre-vaccine analysis using the Health Belief Model to explain parents' willingness to vaccinate (WTV) their children in the United States: implications for vaccination programs.

BACKGROUND: This study uses the Health Belief Model (HBM) to explain parents' willingness to vaccinate (WTV) their children with COVID-19 vaccine in the United States (US). The analysis included determining if vaccination choice among parents statistically varied based on geography among the sample collected. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was administered on November 2020. Multiple regression analysis was completed, determining which HBM constructs to be most relevant to parents' WTV their children with COVID-19 vaccine. To determine 'hot' and 'cold' geographic spots for WTV, a hot spot analysis based on Getis-Ord Gi* statistics was executed. RESULTS: Primary data collection included a convenience sample of US parents. Approximately 66% of parents surveyed were 'likely/extremely likely' to vaccinate their children if the COVID-19 vaccine was provided free by the government. The results highlight HBM connections to WTV. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between parents' WTV their children with a COVID-19 vaccine and constructs within the theoretical framework of the HBM represents a necessary point in the development of efficacious COVID-19 vaccination programs among parents in the US. Interpreting differences in location and health beliefs toward vaccines merit in-depth investigation for local-, state-, and federal-level vaccination programs to be effective.

COVID-19: Why Do People Refuse Vaccination? The Role of Social Identities and Conspiracy Beliefs: Evidence from Nationwide Samples of Polish Adults.

In the present research, we focus on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and empirically examine how different forms of social identity (defensive vs. secure national identity and identification with all humanity) and conspiracy beliefs are associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. In two cross-sectional nationwide surveys (Study 1, n = 432, and Study 2, n = 807), we found that willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 was negatively linked to national narcissism, but positively related to a secure national identification, that is, national identification without the narcissistic component. In both studies, we also found that the relationship between narcissistic (vs. secure) national identity and unwillingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 was mediated by COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy beliefs. These effects were present even when we accounted for basic demographics (Studies 1 and 2) and identification with all humanity (Study 2), which had been found to be a significant predictor of health behaviors during COVID-19. In line with previous research, identification with all humanity was positively associated with the willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19. We discuss the implications for understanding the role of the way in which people identify with their national and supranational groups in antiscience attitudes and (mal)adaptive behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic.

A Global Map of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Rates per Country: An Updated Concise Narrative Review.

The delay or refusal of vaccination, which defines vaccine hesitancy, is a major challenge to successful control of COVID-19 epidemic. The huge number of publications addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy necessitates periodic review to provide a concise summary of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates worldwide. In the current narrative review, data on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates were retrieved from surveys in 114 countries/territories. In East and Southern Africa (n = 9), the highest COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate was reported in Ethiopia (92%), while the lowest rate was reported in Zimbabwe (50%). In West/Central Africa (n = 13), the highest rate was reported in Niger (93%), while the lowest rate was reported in Cameroon (15%). In Asia and the Pacific (n = 16), the highest rates were reported in Nepal and Vietnam (97%), while the lowest rate was reported in Hong Kong (42%). In Eastern Europe/Central Asia (n = 7), the highest rates were reported in Montenegro (69%) and Kazakhstan (64%), while the lowest rate was reported in Russia (30%). In Latin America and the Caribbean (n = 20), the highest rate was reported in Mexico (88%), while the lowest rate was reported in Haiti (43%). In the Middle East/North Africa (MENA, n = 22), the highest rate was reported in Tunisia (92%), while the lowest rate was reported in Iraq (13%). In Western/Central Europe and North America (n = 27), the highest rates were reported in Canada (91%) and Norway (89%), while the lowest rates were reported in Cyprus and Portugal (35%). COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates ≥60% were seen in 72/114 countries/territories, compared to 42 countries/territories with rates between 13% and 59%. The phenomenon of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy appeared more pronounced in the MENA, Europe and Central Asia, and Western/Central Africa. More studies are recommended in Africa, Eastern Europe and Central Asia to address intentions of the general public to get COVID-19 vaccination.

Underlying factors in the willingness to receive and barriers to receiving the COVID-19 vaccine among residents in the UK and Nigeria: a qualitative study.

Qualitative data on the factors underlying the willingness to receive and barriers to receiving the COVID-19 vaccine were scant in the literature. Therefore, the authors employed a qualitative design with a heterogeneous sample of 60 residents (age range = 18-79 years) in the UK and Nigeria to explore the factors underlying their willingness to receive and barriers to receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. The thematic analysis was employed to analyze data. The results revealed that only a small number of the participants had received the COVID-19 vaccine; they experienced soreness and itchiness, and their motive for receiving the vaccine was its availability. The participants who had not received the vaccine reported the following as determinants of their willingness to receive the vaccine: "concerns about the side/adverse effect", "the perceived benefit of receiving the vaccine", "mistrust (in the pharmaceutical companies that produced the vaccine, the vaccine itself, or governments)", "the need for clarity of information on the vaccine", and "moral obligation to receive the vaccine". The participants who had not received the vaccine further reported the following as other barriers that limit them from receiving the vaccine: "unavailability of the vaccine in the country of residence", "non-membership to a high-risk group", and "membership to a minority group". In terms of what governments can do to encourage public uptake of the vaccine, many participants reported: "provide clear information on the COVID-19 vaccine", "endorsement by public figures", "make the vaccine free to receive", "introduce rewards and punishments", and "honesty from governments". Implications for practice are highlighted.

National COVID-19 vaccine program progress and parents' willingness to vaccinate their children.

Vaccinating children against COVID-19 is critical as a public health strategy in order to reach herd immunity and prevent illness among children and adults. The aim of the study was to identify correlation between willingness to vaccinate children under 12 years old, and vaccination rate for adult population in Canada, the United States, and Israel. This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey study (COVID-19 Parental Attitude Study) of parents of children 12 years and younger presenting to 12 pediatric emergency departments (EDs). Parental reports of willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 when vaccines for children will be approved was correlated to country-specific rate of vaccination during December 2020-March 2021, obtained from ourworldindata.org. Logistic regression models were fit with covariates for week and the corresponding vaccine rate. A total of 720 surveys were analyzed. In Canada, administering mostly first dose to the adult population, willingness to vaccinate children was trending downward (correlation = -0.28), in the United States, it was trending upwards (correlation = 0.21) and in Israel, initially significant increase with decline shortly thereafter (correlation = 0.06). Odds of willingness to vaccinate in Canada, the United States, and Israel was OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.63-1.07, OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.99-1.56, and OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.95-1.12, respectively. A robust population-based vaccination program as in Israel, and to a lesser degree the United States, led to increasing willingness by parents to vaccinate their children younger than 12 years against COVID-19. In Canada, slow rate of vaccination of the adult population was associated with lower willingness to vaccinate children.

Using the Health Belief Model to examine travelers' willingness to vaccinate and support for vaccination requirements prior to travel.

Data from a survey of 1478 travelers and multistep group structural equation model analysis revealed that the Health Belief Model constructs of cues to action (trust in third-party information sources), perceived severity of and susceptibility to COVID-19, and beliefs about the protection benefits of a COVID-19 vaccine, subsequently elicited willingness to vaccinate and beliefs that others should vaccinate prior to travel and enhanced support for pre-travel vaccination mandates. Also, significant differences in the perceived protection benefits of the vaccine and willingness to vaccinate were found across groups of travelers who travel more or less frequently and those with and without a prior positive test for COVID-19. The study provides a theoretically informed understanding of the dynamics that may enable the success of important health-related travel policy in the wake of COVID-19 and future pandemics and identifies the communication mechanisms that must be leveraged by governments and travel authorities in enforcing policy.

Survey data for COVID-19 vaccine preference analysis in the United Arab Emirates.

In response to the call for interdisciplinary research on the potential effects of the coronavirus pandemic [1], this article presents a novel data set on individuals' COVID-19 vaccine preferences in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The menu of our stated preference survey questionnaire is framed based on the World Health Organization's (WHO) SAGE working group on immunization developed matrix of vaccine determinants [2], which was itself informed by a systematic review of peer reviewed and grey literature, and by the expertise of the working group. Our survey was designed in a bilingual (Arabic and English) format, using Google Forms platform and delivered to respondents aged 18 years and older using the snowball sampling method between July 4th and August 4th 2020, gathering a total of 1109 responses. Study participants were recruited across all seven emirates of the UAE (see Fig. 1). As presented in the conceptual framework (see Fig. 2), the data set comprises (i) respondents socio-economic and demographic information, (ii) respondents willingness to spend time, and money to get the Covid-19 vaccine, and (iii) the vaccine determinants identified by the WHO's SAGE working group on immunization.